Essential First Aid Skills Every Lifeguard Must Know in 2025

Lifeguards play a crucial role in ensuring the safety of individuals in aquatic environments. As first responders to emergencies, they must be equipped with essential first aid skills to handle life-threatening situations effectively. Below, we outline the most vital first-aid techniques every lifeguard must master in 2025.

CPR and Artificial Respiration Techniques

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique that combines chest compressions with artificial respiration to maintain blood circulation and oxygen supply to the brain. Lifeguards must be proficient in the latest CPR guidelines from the American Lifeguard, which emphasize:

• High-quality chest compressions at a rate of 100–120 per minute

• 30:2 compression-to-breath ratio for adults and children

• Proper use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs)

• Two-rescuer CPR techniques for improved efficiency

Rescue Breathing and Oxygen Administration

Rescue breathing is essential for drowning victims who have a pulse but are not breathing. Lifeguards must:

• Deliver one breath every 5–6 seconds for adults

• Use bag-valve masks (BVMs) for effective ventilation

• Recognize signs of hypoxia and cyanosis

• Administer supplemental oxygen using the appropriate flow rate and delivery method

Managing Spinal Injuries in Water

Spinal injuries can occur due to diving accidents, rough waves, or falls. Lifeguards must:

• Utilize in-water spinal stabilization techniques

• Apply the head splint technique for suspected spinal injuries

• Use a spine board and cervical collar for extrication

• Communicate effectively with EMS personnel

Treating Severe Bleeding and Wound Care

Bleeding control is critical to preventing shock and excessive blood loss. Lifeguards should:

• Apply direct pressure using sterile dressings

• Utilize tourniquets for life-threatening hemorrhages

• Recognize signs of internal bleeding such as bruising and swelling

• Prevent infection by properly cleaning and dressing wounds

Shock Management and Recognition

Shock is a medical emergency where inadequate blood flow leads to organ failure. Lifeguards need to:

• Identify symptoms such as rapid pulse, pale skin, confusion, and low blood pressure

• Keep the victim warm and in a supine position

• Elevate the legs unless contraindicated by injuries

• Administer oxygen if available

Handling Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations

Injuries to bones and joints are common in water-related accidents. Lifeguards must be able to:

• Immobilize fractures using splints

• Reduce swelling with cold compresses

• Assess for circulation, motor, and sensory function before and after splinting

• Avoid moving the injured area unnecessarily

Recognizing and Responding to Heat-Related Emergencies

Lifeguards often work in hot environments, increasing the risk of heat exhaustion and heat stroke. They should:

• Identify signs such as excessive sweating, dizziness, nausea, and confusion

• Move victims to a shaded or air-conditioned area

• Provide cool fluids and electrolyte replacements

• Use ice packs on major arteries to lower body temperature

Cold Water Emergencies and Hypothermia Management

Exposure to cold water can lead to hypothermia, a life-threatening condition. Lifeguards must:

• Recognize symptoms like shivering, confusion, and slow breathing

• Remove wet clothing and wrap the victim in dry, warm blankets

• Avoid rapid rewarming to prevent shock

• Monitor breathing and circulation

Poisoning and Hazardous Marine Life Stings

Lifeguards may encounter jellyfish stings, venomous bites, or chemical exposure. Proper management includes:

• Rinsing jellyfish stings with vinegar instead of freshwater

• Removing spines or barbs with tweezers

• Applying hot water immersion for marine envenomations

• Recognizing symptoms of anaphylaxis and administering epinephrine if needed

Drowning Prevention and Secondary Drowning Awareness

Drowning victims require immediate medical intervention. Lifeguards should:

• Recognize silent drowning signs, including glassy eyes, inability to call for help, and struggling movements

• Be aware of secondary drowning, where inhaled water causes delayed respiratory distress

• Observe victims for at least 24 hours after a near-drowning incident

First Aid Kits and Emergency Equipment Maintenance

Every lifeguard station must be equipped with a well-stocked first aid kit, including:

• Gloves, bandages, antiseptic wipes, and gauze

• Splints, cold packs, and burn dressings

• Rescue masks, airway adjuncts, and oxygen supplies

• Epinephrine auto-injectors and glucose for diabetic emergencies

Lifeguards must regularly inspect and replenish their equipment to ensure readiness in emergencies.

Continuous Training and Certification Updates

To remain effective, lifeguards should:

• Attend annual CPR and first aid recertification courses

• Participate in realistic rescue simulations

• Stay updated on new first-aid protocols and guidelines

• Engage in team training exercises to improve coordination

At the final end

Mastering essential first aid skills is non-negotiable for lifeguards. From CPR and spinal injury management to heatstroke treatment and wound care, proficiency in these areas can mean the difference between life and death. By staying certified, practicing regularly, and being prepared, lifeguards ensure they are always ready to respond to emergencies.